NanoLubTM Clean, Space, and Semiconductor Applications Nanostructures for Bigger Achievements NanoLubTM NanoLubTM is the world's first commercial solid lubricant based on spherical inorganic nanoparticles. NanoLubTM reduces friction and wear significantly better than conventional lubricants especially at high loads, prolongs device service life, and lowers maintenance costs and downtimes. It is useful in applications ranging from machines and tooling to jets and satellites. Common solid lubricants are layered compounds like graphite, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and tungsten disulfide (WS2). Their layers slide past each to reduce friction. The edges of the layers are chemically reactive, causing them to slowly decompose, break apart, and bind to the metal surface. The relative large size of the layered platelets prevents them from entering the pores of metal parts and thus they tend to accumulate on the surface and stick to the surface of the parts they are meant to lubricate. These factors ultimately diminish their lubricating ability causing the metal parts to grind against each other and wear down. Thus, there is a need for smaller, more stable solid lubricants. The distinct structure of nested spheres of NanoLubTM particles and their small size mean that lubricate by rolling like miniature ball bearings. Extensive evaluations show that NanoLubTM reduces friction, wear and temperature significantly better than other solid lubricants especially at high loads. It also diminishes galling, seizing and fretting of metal surfaces. NanoLubTM is effective as an additive to fluid lubricants and greases, a powder, a thin composite metal coating, as a composite polymer film, and for impregnating self-lubricating parts. NanoLubTM works very well on relatively rough surfaces. This means that surfaces of machined parts do not need to be tooled to a highly smooth or glossed finish. Up until now parts had to be machined to as smooth a surface as possible in order to provide extremely flat surfaces for friction reduction. By using NanoLubTM as the lubricant for the finished parts, the parts themselves can be machined to a less demanding finish since NanoLubTM reduces friction very efficiently even for rough contacting surfaces. This is because the NanoLubTM solid lubricant is trapped in the crevices of the roughened surface and is slowly released for lubricating the part during operation. NanoLubTM can be Used in Several Ways Additive to oils Additive to greases Material for impregnating parts Component of polymer composite films Component of metal composite coatings Advantages of NanoLub TM Reduces friction and wear much better than other solid lubricants especially at high loads Longevity High load capability High chemical and physical stability Saves energy and reduces pollution Green/Environmentally friendly material Maintains precision of machine parts Lowers cost of parts preparation as it works efficiently even on rough surfaces Features of NanoLub TM Nano-size penetrates into pores avoids surface build-up allows preparation of impregnated self-lubricating parts Spherical shape via a rolling action it reduces friction significantly more than sliding conventional layered compounds chemically stable due to absence of exposed edges extended operating life high physical stability doesn't gum up surface Nested structure self-healing lubricant for maintenance-free operation Chemistry versatile inorganic chemnistry properties can be tuned via intercalation special high temperature compositions NanoLubTM Target Markets Maintenance-free operations - aerospace, satellites and turbines Clean manufacturing environments - equipment for semiconductor fabs High Loads - heavy equipment and machinery Extreme environments - high vacuum, radiation, outer space Stringent requirements - jet engines and health care Military applications - quieter engines, special projects Composite films - anti-friction coating Clean, Space, and Semiconductor Applications Contaminant-Free Nature of NanoLub® Applications aerospace semi conductor fabs clean rooms pharmaceutical & food industries Item Target Value NanoLub Total Mass Loss less than 1% 0.4% Volatile Matter Loss less than 0.1% 0.02% NanoLub® powder is the world's first commercial solid lubricant based on spherical inorganic nanoparticles. Evaluation of its outgassing properties was done in accordance with the ASTM E-595 test at the Soreq Nuclear Research Center, Israel. This test measures the total mass loss (TML) and the collected volatile condensed material (CVCM) of 100-300 mg samples heated under vacuum to 125°C for 24 hours. The criteria TML<1% and CVCM<0.1% are used for certification of materials for space applications. The total mass loss and volatile mass loss of NanoLub® under these conditions was several times lower than the specified target values. Solid lubricants are required in space applications since in such low pressure environments conventional liquid and grease lubricants are generally not suitable. In these circumstances the liquids are not stable and their degradation contaminates and spoils sensitive optical and mechanical equipment. Besides aerospace, the high stability and contaminant-free nature of NanoLub®, as demonstrated in these tests, show that it is an ideal lubricant for ultra clean environments such as for semiconductor fabrication facilities. See us at the STLE Annual Meeting May 18-22, 2008 Cleveland, OH, USA, Booth #401 Headquarters: ApNano Materials, Inc. 22 W. 38th Street New York, NY 10018-6262 USA Telephone: +1-212-302-2070 Fax: +1-212-719-0893 E-Mail: hq@apnano.com Web Site: www.apnano.com R&D Center: NanoMaterials, Ltd. 18 Einstein Street P.O. Box 4088 Weizman Science Park, Bldg. 18 Nes Ziona 74140 Israel Telephone: +972-8-930-2671 Fax: +972-8-930-2675 E-Mail: rd@apnano.com Web Site: www.apnano.com